Research + Resources

Building the evidence base and advancing the broader field through research

A View of the Field

The AMPL Institute’s second annual report on the national landscape of medically tailored nutrition recaps Food is Medicine’s ongoing momentum across policy, research, and practice. It also centers the lived experiences of individuals living with severe, chronic illnesses and nutrition insecurity during a turbulent year.

READ THE REPORT

The Case for MTM

Community Servings’ peer-reviewed research has supported innovations in public policy and new opportunities for the reimbursement of nutrition services within healthcare.  

Past evaluation of the health and economic benefits of medically tailored meals (MTM) found that for individuals with complex chronic illnesses and nutrition insecurity, MTM improves dietary quality, reduces healthcare utilization, and reduces costs. 

Findings

In 2026, the largest study to date of MTM within Medicaid found that 6 months of MTM reduces hospitalizations, ED visits, and healthcare costs. Participation in Community Servings’ MTM program, 2020 to 2023, was associated with:

  • 31% fewer hospitalizations
  • 20% fewer ED visits
  • $3,433 lower total healthcare costs per patient, offsetting 98% of MTM program costs

MTM was net cost-saving among subgroups with high medical complexity. Per-person cost reductions were $12,312 with chronic kidney disease, $10,450 with cardiovascular disease, $5,597 with depression and anxiety, and $4,123 with diabetes.

Source: Hager, Nature Medicine (2026)

A previous Community Servings investigation of MTM recipients across multiple payors found that people who received MTM demonstrated:

  • 49% reduction in inpatient admissions
  • 72% reduction in skilled nursing facility admissions
  • 16% monthly net reduction in healthcare costs

Source: Berkowitz, JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

Current Research

NIH Studies

Community Servings is currently collaborating on three studies funded by the NIH.  

Evaluation Consortium 

In collaboration with the Tufts University Food is Medicine Institute and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Community Servings is examining the impacts of medically tailored meals (MTM) on obesity, diabetes control, blood pressure, healthcare cost, and healthcare utilization under the MassHealth (Medicaid) Flexible Services Program.  

This is a claims data study evaluating the impact of MTM on over 5,000 individuals receiving the service.  

Published in 2026, a qualitative study explored why individuals enroll in, stay in, and withdraw from MTM programs. The AMPL Institute co-investigated this study with Tufts Food is Medicine Institute and the University of Massachusetts Medical School.

Food As Medicine for Diabetes  

In collaboration with University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Community Servings is examining the impacts of increased food access on improving health outcomes for individuals living with type 2 diabetes and food insecurity. 

Food As Medicine for
HIV and Diabetes  

In collaboration with University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Community Servings is examining the impacts of increased food access and a lifestyle intervention on improving health outcomes for individuals living with HIV, type 2 diabetes, and food insecurity. 

Rockefeller Foundation FIM+ Case Study

In collaboration with the Center for Nutrition & Health Impact, the Center for Health Law and Policy Innovation of Harvard Law School (CHLPI), and Johnson & Wales University, Community Servings is developing a report and supporting evaluation and educational tools documenting Community Servings’ practices of sourcing foods from local farms, fisheries, and other producers.  

The Health Foundation of Central Massachusetts’ Synergy Initiative  

Medically Tailored Groceries and Mental Health Study

In collaboration with the Health Foundation of Central Massachusetts and UMass Chan Medical School, this randomized controlled trial will evaluate the causal impact of medically tailored groceries on depressive symptoms. People who enroll will be randomly placed in a group to receive either medically tailored groceries or a $30 gift card from a grocery store each month for 6 months.

Learn More 

FIM Resources + Research

2024 Food is Medicine Research Action Plan. Hager K, et al. Food & Society at the Aspen Institute (2024)  

“Association of National Expansion of Insurance Coverage of Medically Tailored Meals with Estimated Hospitalizations and Health Care Expenditures in the US.” Hager K, et al. JAMA Network Open (2022) 

Food Is Medicine Federal Resource Hub. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services   

“‘Food Is Medicine’ In The US: A National Survey Of Public Perceptions Of Care, Practices, And Policies.” Ridberg R, et al. Health Affairs (2025) 

“Meal Delivery Programs Reduce the Use of Costly Health Care in Dually Eligible Medicare and Medicaid Beneficiaries.” Berkowitz S, et al. Health Affairs  (2018) 

“Medically Tailored Meal Delivery for Diabetes Patients with Food Insecurity: A Randomized Cross-over Trial.” Berkowitz S, et al. Journal of General Internal Medicine (2019) 

True Cost of Food: Food is Medicine Case Study. Deuman KA, et al. Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School, Tufts University (2023)  

Nutrition Resources

Policy Resources

“Applying Legal and Clinical Quality Standards to ‘Food Is Medicine.’” Hanson, E et al. Health Affairs Forefront (2024) 

Food is Medicine: A State Medicaid Policy Toolkit. Center for Health Law and Policy Innovation & the Food is Medicine Coalition (2024) 

Maximizing the Impact of Nutrition Interventions with Local Food Procurement. Center for Health Law and Policy Innovation of Harvard Law School (2025)

“The Evolution and Scope of Medicaid Section 1115 Demonstrations to Address Nutrition: A US Survey.”
Hanson, E et al. Health Affairs Scholar (2024)

Massachusetts Food is Medicine State Plan. Center for Health Law and Policy Innovation of Harvard Law School & Community Servings (2019) 

Medicaid Federal Policy Guidance. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.  

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Now through 11/22, your purchase of a locally baked apple, pecan, or pumpkin Thanksgiving pie from Community Servings provides a week of meals for a neighbor in need. Order today to make a difference!

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